Informatics Publishing Limited

R. Vigneshwaran ¹, K. Venkatesan ¹, A. Vinoth ¹, J. Vasanth Vyasan ¹, N. Sathishkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore-641407, IN

Abstract

In current traffic system most of the traffic lights controls are based on a 'fixed timing' i.e., same time duration will be repeated even if the traffic density is minimum or maximum. In this paper the traffic light is controlled depending upon the traffic density is proposed. Here the traffic lights changes dynamically based on the traffic density by using pair of IR Sensor to continuously sense the density of traffic. The IR receiver output is given as the input of microcontroller in serial communication.The microcontroller will allocate the time slot according to the input of sensors, and then the CPU sends appropriate time to show on the seven segment display unit. When the allocated time is completed then the process will be shift into the next road. The same procedure it follows on each road. This system is designed by using PIC Microcontroller and three pairs of IR sensors on each lane. Here priority based operations by using the round robin algorithm is done. So, that each road will be cleared simultaneously. This system is mainly used to reduce the waiting time, avoid fuel wastage, and also manage the traffic load at the intersection adaptively, so that the traffic can be avoided.

Keywords

IR (Infrared) Sensor, PIC Microcontroller, Seven Segment Display.

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P. Nithya ¹, P. T. Sivagurunathan ¹, P. Ramakrishnan ¹, N. Sathishkumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur – 639113, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore – 641022, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objective: This paper presents a new digital control approach to track the Maximum Power Point (MPPT) for Potovoltaic (PV) systems. A photovoltaic power generation system requires an effective controller to overcome sudden changes to irradiance and to maximize its efficiency. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A new approach to MPPT based on voltage control was proposed, while a PI (Proportional Integral) controller was combined with the boost converter to adapt the duty cycle. Findings: The input voltage reference was adaptively perturbed with variable steps until the maximum power was reached. A state-space model was derived through the averaging method, with the control input being the duty ratio to regulate the pulse width modulator on the DC-DC boost converter. The proposed control scheme eliminated steady state oscillations around the working point area of the PV panel when there were rapid changes to the irradiance. Applications/Improvements: Furthermore, the PV system became more efficient, as proven by the sudden change in the radiation conditions for 0.3 seconds, where approximately 30% of energy could be saved.

Keywords

Controlled Mobility, Energy Efficiency, MANETs

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